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The Original Model

Arbitration as it was designed

For much of its history, labor arbitration relied on advocates drawn directly from the workplace. 

Union representatives and labor relations professionals presented cases based on their knowledge of the collective bargaining agreement, the facts of the dispute, and the practical realities of the job. 

That model reflected the purpose of arbitration: to resolve workplace disputes in a way that was efficient, credible, and grounded in the ongoing relationship between the parties.

Nonlawyer advocacy was not a limitation—it was a defining strength of the system.

The Shift in Practice

The Enduring value of non-lawyer advocacy

As arbitration has evolved, the strengths that define effective nonlawyer advocacy have become more important than ever.

The Shift

A Shift Toward Litigation

As arbitration has become more formal and lawyer-driven, the process often becomes:

More expensive

Legal representation adds costs that many employers and unions cannot absorb.

More time-consuming

Formalized proceedings extend hearings well beyond what disputes require.

More complex

Courtroom formality adds procedural layers that obscure the core dispute.

Less connected

The process drifts from the day-to-day realities of the workplace it serves.

The Response

Strengths of Nonlawyer Advocacy

Nonlawyer advocates bring strengths that reflect arbitration’s original purpose:

Practical knowledge

They understand the workplace, the agreement, and the context of the dispute.

Credibility

Facts are presented with firsthand knowledge and practical context.

Focus

Focus remains on the facts, the agreement, and practical outcomes.

Efficiency

A streamlined approach reduces arbitration time and cost while maintaining sound outcomes.

Restoring Balance
Restoring Balance

The goal is access, not exclusion

The goal is not to exclude lawyers from arbitration. Encouraging nonlawyer participation helps restore balance — bringing the focus back to what arbitration was designed to do.

The collective bargaining agreement

The contract that defines the relationship between the parties — the foundation of every dispute.

The facts of the dispute

A clear, direct account of what happened — grounded in the realities of the workplace.

The practical resolution of workplace problems

Outcomes that support the ongoing relationship between the parties — not just a particular isolated dispute.

Common Concerns

Questions about non-lawyer advocacy

No. Preparation, knowledge of the agreement, and clear presentation matter far more than a law degree.

Yes. Arbitrators respond to credibility and firsthand knowledge of the workplace, which nonlawyer advocates bring naturally.

Arbitration rewards clarity over complexity. With the right preparation, the process is very manageable.